Carotid Stenosis & Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

Carotid stenosis and intracranial arterial stenosis are conditions that cause narrowing of the arteries supplying blood to the brain. This narrowing is often caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque inside the artery walls.

Both conditions can increase the risk of stroke by restricting blood flow or allowing blood clots or plaque material to block smaller arteries in the brain.

At Washington Health's Bell Neuroscience Institute of Silicon Valley, our specialists evaluate these conditions and recommend individualized treatment strategies to help reduce stroke risk.

What Is Carotid Stenosis?

Carotid stenosis occurs when one or both carotid arteries in the neck become narrowed. These arteries are responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the brain.

As plaque builds up inside the arteries, it may reduce blood flow or contribute to the formation of blood clots that can cause a stroke.

What Is Intracranial Arterial Stenosis?

Intracranial arterial stenosis refers to narrowing of arteries located inside the skull that supply blood to the brain.

This narrowing may interfere with normal blood circulation and increase the risk of a transient ischemic attack (TIA), sometimes called a mini-stroke, or a stroke.

Symptoms and Warning Signs

Carotid stenosis and intracranial arterial stenosis often develop without noticeable symptoms until a TIA or stroke occurs.

Warning signs may include:

• Sudden weakness or numbness, especially on one side of the body
• Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
• Sudden vision loss or changes
• Dizziness, loss of balance, or difficulty walking
• Sudden confusion

If you or someone else experiences any signs of a stroke, call 911 immediately, even if the symptoms disappear.

How Are These Conditions Diagnosed?

Your physician may recommend one or more tests to evaluate blood flow and determine the severity of the narrowing.

Diagnostic tests may include:

• Carotid ultrasound: Uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow through the carotid arteries.
• CT angiography (CTA): Provides detailed images of arteries in the neck and brain.
• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA): Uses magnetic resonance technology to examine blood vessels.
• Cerebral angiography: Provides detailed images of the arteries and may be recommended when additional information is needed.